Ruzurgi

Description for Ruzurgi

RUZURGI (amifampridine) is a potassium channel blocker available as functionally scored tablets for oral administration.

The chemical name of amifampridine is 3,4-diaminopyridine (CAS 54-96-6).

It is a white to off-white, crystalline solid with a molecular formula of C₅H₇N₃ and a molecular weight of 109.13 g/mol. It is sparingly soluble in water. A 1% aqueous solution of amifampridine has a pH of 10.8 at 25°C.

The structural formula is:

Each RUZURGI tablet contains 10 mg of amifampridine. Inactive ingredients consist of colloidal silicon dioxide, dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and sodium starch glycolate.

Uses for Ruzurgi

RUZURGI is indicated for the treatment of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) in patients 6 to less than 17 years of age.

Dosage for Ruzurgi

Recommended Dosage

The recommended oral dosage for pediatric patients 6 to less than 17 years of age is dependent on body weight and is included in Table 1. Dosage should be increased based on clinical response and tolerability.

If a dose is missed, patients should not take double or extra doses.

Table 1: Recommended Dosage for Pediatric Patients 6 to Less Than 17 Years of Age

Age and Body Weight	Initial Dosage	Titration Regimen	Maximum Single Dose	Maximum Total Daily Maintenance Dosage
Pediatric patients 6 to less than 17 years of age weighing 45 kg or more	15 mg to 30 mg daily, in divided doses (2 to 3 times per day)	Increase daily in 5 mg to 10 mg increments, divided in up to 5 doses per day	30 mg	100 mg
Pediatric patients 6 to less than 17 years of age weighing less than 45 kg	7.5 mg* to 15 mg daily, in divided doses (2 to 3 times per day)	Increase daily in 2.5 mg* to 5 mg increments, divided in up to 5 doses per day	15 mg	50 mg
*see Administration Instructions for method to achieve these doses

Administration Instructions

RUZURGI can be taken without regard to food.

Preparation Of 1 mg/mL Suspension

When patients require a dosage in less than 5 mg increments, have difficulty swallowing tablets, or require feeding tubes, a 1 mg/mL suspension can be prepared (e.g., by placing three 10 mg tablets in a 30 mL container, adding 30 mL of sterile water, and shaking well for 30 seconds).

Crushing the tablets prior to making the suspension is not necessary. After preparation of the suspension, an oral syringe can be used to draw up and administer the correct dose by mouth or by feeding tube. Refrigerate the suspension between doses and shake well before drawing up each dose. The suspension can be stored under refrigeration for up to 24 hours. Discard any unused portion of the suspension after 24 hours.

Patients With Renal Impairment

The recommended starting dosage of RUZURGI in pediatric patients weighing 45 kg or more with renal impairment (creatinine clearance 15 to 90 mL/min) is 15 mg daily taken orally in divided doses. The recommended starting dosage for pediatric patients weighing less than 45 kg with renal impairment is 7.5 mg daily taken orally in divided doses [see Recommended Dosage and Use In Specific Populations]. No dosage recommendations for RUZURGI can be made for patients with end-stage renal disease.

Patients With Hepatic Impairment

The recommended starting dosage of RUZURGI in pediatric patients weighing 45 kg or more with any degree of hepatic impairment is 15 mg daily taken orally in divided doses. The recommended starting dosage for pediatric patients weighing less than 45 kg with any degree of hepatic impairment is 7.5 mg daily taken orally in divided doses [see Recommended Dosage  and Use In Specific Populations].

Known N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) Poor Metabolizers

The recommended starting dosage of RUZURGI in pediatric patients weighing 45 kg or more who are known N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) poor metabolizers is 15 mg daily taken orally in divided doses. The recommended starting dosage in pediatric patients weighing less than 45 kg who are known NAT2 poor metabolizers is 7.5 mg daily taken orally in divided doses [see Recommended Dosage, Use In Specific Populations, and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

HOW SUPPLIED

Dosage Forms And Strengths

RUZURGI 10 mg functionally scored tablets are oval, white to off-white, and debossed “10 | 110” on one side and “JACOBUS” on the other side.

RUZURGI (amifampridine) 10 mg functionally scored tablets are oval, white to off-white, and debossed “10 | 110” on one side and “JACOBUS” on the other side. RUZURGI is supplied as follows:

Bottles of 100 tablets: NDC 49938-110-01

Storage And Handling

Prior To Dispensing

Store tablets in a refrigerator between 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F). Keep container tightly closed with desiccant canister inside after opening. Protect from moisture and light.

After Dispensing

Store tablets at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) for up to 3 months; excursions permitted between 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP controlled room temperature].

Distributed by Jacobus Pharmaceutical Company, Inc. Princeton, NJ 08540. Manufactured by Jacobus Pharmaceutical Company, Inc. Plainsboro, NJ. Revised: May 2019

Side Effects for Ruzurgi

The following serious adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling:

• Seizures [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
• Hypersensitivity [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]

Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

In a double-blind, 3-way crossover, pharmacology study to assess the effects of RUZURGI on QTc interval prolongation, RUZURGI was administered at doses greater than the maximum recommended dose (120 mg administered as 4 equal doses of 30 mg at 4-hour intervals) to 52 healthy adult volunteers [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. Adverse reactions that occurred in at least 5% of subjects during RUZURGI treatment and with incidence at least 2% greater than during placebo treatment are displayed in Table 2.

Table 2: Adverse Reactions Occurring in at Least 5% of Subjects During RUZURGI Treatment and With at Least 2% Greater Incidence Than Placebo

Adverse Reaction	RUZURGI (N=52) %	Placebo (N=49) %
P aresthesia/Dysesthesia*	69	2
Abdominal pain**	25	0
Dyspepsia	17	2
Dizziness	12	0
Nausea	10	2
Back pain	8	2
Hypoesthesia	6	0
Muscle spasms	6	2
* Includes paresthesia, dysesthesia, and oral dysethesia. ** Includes abdominal pain and upper abdominal pain.

Subjects classified as poor metabolizers based on rate of metabolism were more likely to experience adverse reactions during RUZURGI treatment than intermediate or normal metabolizers [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Expanded Access Experience

In expanded access programs, 162 patients with LEMS (54% female) were treated with RUZURGI. Among patients with available exposure data, the median duration of treatment was 1.7 years (range 1 day to 27.6 years) for a total of 766.4 person years. Patient age at the time RUZURGI was initiated ranged from 21 to 84 years (mean 58.7 years). The median of the maximum total daily dosage was 75 mg/day.

In general, the most frequent adverse reactions observed in the expanded access programs were similar to those observed in the QT study. Additionally, the following adverse reactions were reported in ≥5% of patients: falls, diarrhea, pneumonia, dyspnea, arthralgia, asthenia, depression, dysphagia, headache, insomnia, vision blurred, anemia, anxiety, constipation, feeling cold, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and pain. Because these reactions were captured retrospectively from expanded access programs, it is not possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Pediatric Patients (6 To Less than 17 Years Of Age)

Safety of RUZURGI was evaluated in pediatric LEMS and non-LEMS patients 6 to less than 17 years of age who were treated in expanded access programs. There were 15 patients ages 6 to less than 17 years who received RUZURGI, of whom 9 received RUZURGI for at least 1 year. Adverse reactions reported in pediatric patients 6 to less than 17 years of age were similar to those seen in adult patients.

Drug Interactions for Ruzurgi

Drugs That Lower Seizure Threshold

The concomitant use of RUZURGI and drugs that lower seizure threshold may lead to an increased risk of seizures [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. The decision to administer RUZURGI concomitantly with drugs that lower the seizure threshold should be carefully considered in light of the severity of the associated risks.

Drugs With Cholinergic Effects

The concomitant use of RUZURGI and drugs with cholinergic effects (e.g., direct or indirect cholinesterase inhibitors) may increase the cholinergic effects of RUZURGI and of those drugs and increase the risk of adverse reactions [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Warnings for Ruzurgi

Included as part of the "PRECAUTIONS" Section

Precautions for Ruzurgi

Seizures

RUZURGI can cause seizures. Seizures have been observed in patients with and without a history of seizures taking RUZURGI at the recommended doses, and at various times after initiation of treatment. Many of the patients were taking medications or had comorbid medical conditions that may have lowered the seizure threshold [see DRUG INTERACTIONS]. Seizures may be dose-dependent. Because seizure events were captured retrospectively from expanded access programs, it is not possible to reliably estimate their frequency with use of RUZURGI. Consider discontinuation or dose-reduction of RUZURGI in patients who have a seizure while on treatment. RUZURGI is contraindicated in patients with a history of seizures.

Hypersensitivity

In clinical trials, hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis associated with RUZURGI administration have not been reported. Anaphylaxis has been reported in patients taking another aminopyridine; therefore, it may occur with RUZURGI. If anaphylaxis occurs, administration of RUZURGI should be discontinued and appropriate therapy initiated.

Patient Counseling Information

Advise the patient and/or caregiver to read the Food and Drug Administration-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide and Instructions for Use).

Risk Of Seizures

Inform patients and/or caregivers that RUZURGI can cause seizures, and to notify their healthcare provider if they experience a seizure [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

RUZURGI Dosing

Instruct patients to take RUZURGI exactly as prescribed. Patients should carefully follow the dose escalation schedule provided by their healthcare provider to safely achieve the therapeutic dosage [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ]. Inform patients that the tablets may be divided in half at the score, if needed. Refer patients and/or caregivers to the Instructions for Use if they require a dosage in less than 5 mg increments, have difficulty swallowing tablets, or require feeding tubes [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ]. Instruct patients not to take a double dose after they miss a dose of RUZURGI, as this may increase their risk of seizure.

Hypersensitivity

Instruct patients and/or caregivers to inform their healthcare provider if they have signs or symptoms of hypersensitivity, and to seek emergency help if signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis occur [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Drug Interactions

Instruct patients to notify their healthcare provider prior to starting any new medication, including over-the-counter drugs [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].

Storage

Advise patients and/or caregivers to store the tablets in the pharmacy dispensed container at controlled room temperature, for a period not to exceed 3 months [see HOW SUPPLIED].

Instruct patients and/or caregivers who prepare the 1 mg/mL suspension of RUZURGI that it should be prepared daily and refrigerated between doses. The suspension can be stored under refrigeration for up to 24 hours. Instruct the patient to discard any unused portion of the suspension after 24 hours.

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, And Impairment Of Fertility

Carcinogenesis

Carcinogenicity studies of amifampridine have not been conducted.

Mutagenesis

Amifampridine was negative for mutagenicity in an in vitro bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) assay and for clastogenicity in in vivo mouse micronucleus and chromosomal aberration assay. Amifampridine was positive for clastogenicity in an in vitro mouse lymphoma assay in the absence of metabolic activation.

Impairment Of Fertility

Animal Studies to assess the potential adverse effects of amifampridine on fertility have not been conducted.

Use In Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Risk Summary

There are no data on the developmental risk associated with the use of RUZURGI in pregnant women.

Animal studies to assess the potential adverse effects of amifampridine on embryofetal development have not been conducted.

In the US general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown.

Lactation

Risk Summary

There are no data on the presence of amifampridine or the 3-N-acetyl-amifampridine metabolite in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production.

The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for RUZURGI and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from RUZURGI or from the underlying maternal condition.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness of RUZURGI have been established in patients 6 to less than 17 years of age. Use of RUZURGI in patients 6 to less than 17 years of age is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies of RUZURGI in adults with LEMS, pharmacokinetic data in adult patients, pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation to identify the dosing regimen in pediatric patients, and safety data from pediatric patients 6 to less than 17 years of age [see ADVERSE REACTIONS and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 6 years have not been established.

Renal Impairment

Renal clearance is an elimination pathway for amifampridine and the inactive metabolite, 3-N-acetyl amifampridine [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. Therefore, in patients with renal impairment, RUZURGI should be initiated at the lowest recommended starting dosage and patients should be closely monitored for adverse reactions [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ]. Consider dosage modification or discontinuation of RUZURGI for patients with renal impairment as needed based on clinical effect and tolerability. No dosage recommendations for RUZURGI can be made for patients with end-stage renal disease (CLcr < 15 mL/min or patients requiring dialysis).

Hepatic Impairment

The effects of RUZURGI have not been studied in patients with hepatic impairment. RUZURGI is extensively metabolized by N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), and hepatic impairment may cause an increase in exposure. Therefore, initiate RUZURGI in patients with any degree of hepatic impairment at the lowest recommended starting dosage and monitor for adverse reactions [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ]. Consider dosage modification or discontinuation of RUZURGI for patients with hepatic impairment as needed based on clinical effect and tolerability.

NAT2 Poor Metabolizers

Exposure of RUZURGI is increased in patients who are N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) poor metabolizers [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. Therefore, initiate RUZURGI in patients who are known NAT2 poor metabolizers at the lowest recommended starting dosage and monitor for adverse reactions [seeDOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ]. Consider dosage modification of RUZURGI for patients who are known NAT2 poor metabolizers as needed based on clinical effect and tolerability.

Overdose Information for Ruzurgi

In case reports, events reported after intake of RUZURGI at doses of 300 mg per day or greater (more than three times the maximum recommended daily dosage) include vomiting, nystagmus, seizures and status epilepticus, rhabdomyolysis, chest pain, diaphoresis, palpitations, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, transient QTc prolongation, aspiration with acute respiratory failure, and cardiac arrest.

Patients with suspected overdose with RUZURGI should be monitored for signs or symptoms of exaggerated RUZURGI adverse reactions or effects, and appropriate symptomatic treatment instituted immediately.

Contraindications for Ruzurgi

RUZURGI is contraindicated in patients with:

• A history of seizures [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
• Hypersensitivity to amifampridine or another aminopyridine [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]

Clinical Pharmacology for Ruzurgi

Mechanism Of Action

The mechanism by which amifampridine exerts its therapeutic effect in LEMS patients has not been fully elucidated. Amifampridine is a broad spectrum potassium channel blocker.

Pharmacodynamics

Cardiac Electrophysiology

The effect of RUZURGI on QTc interval prolongation was studied in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-and positive-controlled study in 52 healthy volunteers (including 23 subjects with poor metabolizer phenotype). Study participants were administered 120 mg RUZURGI in 4 equal doses of 30 mg at 4-hour intervals (Dose 1, 2, 3, and 4)[see Pharmacogenomics]. RUZURGI did not prolong the QTc interval to any clinically relevant extent. In vitro, RUZURGI did not inhibit the human ether-à-go-go-related gene ion channel.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of amifampridine form RUZURGI is approximately dose proportional. Steady state was generally reached within 1 day of dosing. Multiple dosing resulted in no accumulation of amifampridine and only moderate accumulation of the 3-N-acetyl amifampridine metabolite [see Pharmacogenomics].

Absorption

The absolute bioavailability of RUZURGI has not been assessed. RUZURGI is absorbed in an approximately dose-proportional manner with a median time to maximum concentration (tmax) of 0.5 hours post administration.

Effect Of Food

Compared to administration of RUZURGI in the fasting state, administration of the 20 and 30 mg dose levels of RUZURGI with a standard high fat meal resulted in significant decreasein Cmax (41% and 52%, respectively) and an increase in median tmax to 1.0 hour; AUC0-last was only significantly reduced for the 30 mg dose (23%) [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].

Distribution

In healthy volunteers, the volume of distribution for plasma amifampridine indicated that RUZURGI is a drug with a moderate to high volume of distribution.

In vitro human plasma protein binding of amifampridine and 3-N-acetyl amifampridine was 25.3% and 43.3%, respectively.

Elimination

Metabolism

In vitro studies with complimentary DNA expressed human N-acetyltransferase (NAT) enzyme preparations indicate that amifampridine is rapidly metabolized by the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) enzyme to the 3-N-acetyl amifampridine metabolite. Metabolism of amifampridine by Nacetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) may also occur but at a much slower rate.

Amifampridine does not undergo glucuronidation or sulfonation.

Excretion

Following oral administration of a single 20 or 30 mg dose of RUZURGI to healthy volunteers, amifampridine apparent oral clearance (CL/F) was 149 to 214 L/h, the average elimination half-life (t½) was 3.6 to 4.2 hours. The average t½ of the 3-N-acetyl amifampridine metabolite was 4.1 to 4.8 hours.

The majority (>65%) of RUZURGI administered to healthy volunteers was recovered in urine as either the parent compound or the 3-N-acetyl amifampridine metabolite.

Specific Populations

Pediatric Patients (6 To Less Than 17 Years Of Age)

A population pharmacokinetic analysis showed that body weight significantly correlates with the clearance of amifampridine; clearance increased with an increase in body weight. A weight-based dosing regimen is necessary to achieve amifampridine exposures in pediatric patients 6 to less than 17 years of age similar to those observed in adults at effective doses of RUZURGI [see INDICATIONS AND USAGE and Clinical Studies].

Drug Interaction Studies

In Vitro Studies

Amifampridine is not metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, or CYP3A4.

In vitro studies with human liver microsomes indicated that amifampridine and 3-N-acetyl amifampridine were not direct or time-dependent inhibitors of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, or CYP3A4.

In vitro studies in cryopreserved human hepatocytes indicated that amifampridine did not induce CYP isoforms CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP3A4.

Based on in vitro studies with Caco-2 cells amifampridine is unlikely to act as a substrate or inhibitor of the P glycoprotein transporter. Amifampridine is not an inhibitor of the BCRP transporter.

In vitro studies with Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OAT1, and OCT2 and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells expressing human OAT3 indicated that amifampridine is a weak inhibitor of OCT2, but is not an inhibitor of OAT1, OAT3, OATP1B1, or OATP1B3. The studies also indicated that amifampridine is not a substrate for OAT1, OAT3, or OCT2 transporters.

In Vivo Studies

Controlled clinical drug interaction studies have not been performed with RUZURGI.

Co-administration of intravenous amifampridine and intravenous pyridostigmine led to a 21% elevation in maximum pyridostigmine serum concentrations, but did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of amifampridine [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].

Pharmacogenomics

Genetic variants in the N-acetyltransferase gene 2 (NAT2) affect the rate and extent of RUZURGI metabolism. In normal healthy volunteers, poor metabolizers, also referred to as “slow acetylators” (i.e., carriers of two reduced function alleles) had higher average plasma amifampridine concentrations than intermediate metabolizers, also referred to as “intermediate acetylators” (i.e., carriers of one reduced and one normal function alleles), and normal metabolizers, also referred to as “fast/rapid acetylators” (i.e., carriers of two normal function alleles).

In the TQT study [see Pharmacodynamics], poor metabolizers (N=19) had 1.1 to 3.7 times higher AUC0-4h and 1.3 to 3.7 times higher Cmax than intermediate metabolizers (N=21), following the first dose. Poor metabolizers had 6.0 to 8.5 times higher AUC0-4h and 6.1 to 7.6 times higher Cmax than normal metabolizers (N=3), following the first dose.

In the general population, the NAT2 poor metabolizer phenotype prevalence is 40–60% in the White and African American populations, and in 10–30% in Asian ethnic populations (individuals of Japanese, Chinese, or Korean descent).

Clinical Studies

The efficacy of RUZURGI for the treatment of LEMS was established by Study 1, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, withdrawal study (NCT: 01511978). Study 1 enrolled patients with an established diagnosis of LEMS, confirmed by documentation and an independent neurologist review. Patients were required to be on an adequate and stable dosage (30 mg to 100 mg daily for at least 3 months) of RUZURGI prior to entering the study.

The primary measure of efficacy was the categorization of the degree of change (e.g., greater than 30% deterioration) in the Triple Timed Up and Go test (3TUG) upon withdrawal of active medication, when compared with the time-matched average of the 3TUG assessments at baseline.

The 3TUG is a measure of the time it takes a person to rise from a chair, walk 3 meters, and return to the chair for 3 consecutive laps without pause. Higher 3TUG scores represent greater impairment.

The secondary efficacy endpoint was the self-assessment scale for LEMS-related weakness (WSAS), a scale from -3 to 3 assessing a person’s feeling of weakening or strengthening from baseline. A higher positive W-SAS score indicates a perceived greater improvement of strength. A more negative score indicates perceived greater weakening.

After an initial open-label run-in phase, 32 patients were randomized in a double-blind fashion to either continue treatment with RUZURGI (n = 14) or switch to placebo over a 3-day downward titration (n = 18) period. Following the downward titration period, patients remained on blinded RUZURGI or placebo for 16 more hours. Efficacy was assessed 2 hours after the last dose of the downward titration period. Patients were allowed to use stable dosages of peripherally-acting cholinesterase inhibitors or oral immunosuppressants. Seventy-nine percent of patients randomized to RUZURGI were receiving cholinesterase inhibitors, versus 83% in the placebo group, and 29% of patients randomized to RUZURGI were receiving an immunosuppressant therapy, versus 39% in the placebo group.

Randomized patients had a median age of 56 years (range: 23 to 83 years), 66% were female, and 91% were White. Ninety-seven percent of patients had a diagnosis of autoimmune LEMS, and 3% of patients had a diagnosis of paraneoplastic LEMS.

All 32 patients completed the study. None of the patients randomized to continue RUZURGI experienced a greater than 30% deterioration in the final post-dose 3TUG test. In contrast, 72% (13/18) of those randomized to placebo experienced a greater than 30% deterioration in the final 3TUG test (p < 0.0001). Patients who were randomized to placebo returned to baseline after restarting RUZURGI. Figure 1 shows the time course of the mean percent change from baseline on the 3TUG during the double-blind phase and with reinitiation of RUZURGI.

Figure 1: Mean Percent Change From Baseline in Post-dose 3TUG Time During the Double-blind Phase of the Study and Return to Baseline Upon Reinitiation of RUZURGI

The W-SAS score showed a significantly greater decrease in patients randomized to placebo (2.4) than in those who continued treatment with RUZURGI ( -0.2; p < 0.0001), indicating that patients who were randomized to placebo perceived a worsening of weakness compared to those who remained on RUZURGI.

Patient Information for Ruzurgi

No information provided. Please refer to the WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS section.