Cocoa

Abate, T., van, Huis A., and Ampofo, J. K. Pest management strategies in traditional agriculture: an African perspective. Annu.Rev.Entomol. 2000;45:631-659. View abstract.

Ahmad, N. and Mukhtar, H. Cutaneous photochemoprotection by green tea: a brief review. Skin Pharmacol Appl.Skin Physiol 2001;14(2):69-76. View abstract.

Al-Faris, N. A. Short-term consumption of a dark chocolate containing flavanols is followed by a significant decrease in normotensive population. Pakistan J Nutr 2008;7(6):773-781.

Al-Safi, S. A., Ayoub, N. M., Al-Doghim, I., and Aboul-Enein, F. H. Dark chocolate and blood pressure: a novel study from Jordan. Curr Drug Deliv. 2011;8(6):595-599. View abstract.

Allen, R. R., Carson, L., Kwik-Uribe, C., Evans, E. M., and Erdman, J. W., Jr. Daily consumption of a dark chocolate containing flavanols and added sterol esters affects cardiovascular risk factors in a normotensive population with elevated cholesterol. J Nutr 2008;138(4):725-731. View abstract.

Allgrove, J., Farrell, E., Gleeson, M., Williamson, G., and Cooper, K. Regular dark chocolate consumption's reduction of oxidative stress and increase of free-fatty-acid mobilization in response to prolonged cycling. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc.Metab 2011;21(2):113-123. View abstract.

Almoosawi, S., Fyfe, L., Ho, C., and Al-Dujaili, E. The effect of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate on fasting capillary whole blood glucose, total cholesterol, blood pressure and glucocorticoids in healthy overweight and obese subjects. Br.J Nutr 2010;103(6):842-850. View abstract.

Almoosawi, S., Tsang, C., Ostertag, L. M., Fyfe, L., and Al-Dujaili, E. A. Differential effect of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate on biomarkers of glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy, overweight and obese subjects: a randomized clinical trial. Food Funct. 2012;3(10):1035-1043. View abstract.

Alspach, G. The truth is often bittersweet...: chocolate does a heart good. Crit Care Nurse 2007;27(1):11-15. View abstract.

Andrade, J., Pears, S., May, J., and Kavanagh, D. J. Use of a clay modeling task to reduce chocolate craving. Appetite 2012;58(3):955-963. View abstract.

Andriambeloson, E., Kleschyov, A. L., Muller, B., Beretz, A., Stoclet, J. C., and Andriantsitohaina, R. Nitric oxide production and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation induced by wine polyphenols in rat aorta. Br.J Pharmacol 1997;120(6):1053-1058. View abstract.

Ariefdjohan, M. W. and Savaiano, D. A. Chocolate and cardiovascular health: is it too good to be true? Nutr Rev. 2005;63(12 Pt 1):427-430. View abstract.

Asmaro, D., Jaspers-Fayer, F., Sramko, V., Taake, I., Carolan, P., and Liotti, M. Spatiotemporal dynamics of the hedonic processing of chocolate images in individuals with and without trait chocolate craving. Appetite 2012;58(3):790-799. View abstract.

Baba, S., Natsume, M., Yasuda, A., Nakamura, Y., Tamura, T., Osakabe, N., Kanegae, M., and Kondo, K. Plasma LDL and HDL cholesterol and oxidized LDL concentrations are altered in normo- and hypercholesterolemic humans after intake of different levels of cocoa powder. J Nutr 2007;137(6):1436-1441. View abstract.

Baba, S., Osakabe, N., Kato, Y., Natsume, M., Yasuda, A., Kido, T., Fukuda, K., Muto, Y., and Kondo, K. Continuous intake of polyphenolic compounds containing cocoa powder reduces LDL oxidative susceptibility and has beneficial effects on plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85(3):709-717. View abstract.

Baba, S., Osakabe, N., Yasuda, A., Natsume, M., Takizawa, T., Nakamura, T., and Terao, J. Bioavailability of (-)-epicatechin upon intake of chocolate and cocoa in human volunteers. Free Radic Res 2000;33(5):635-641. View abstract.

Balzer, J., Rassaf, T., Heiss, C., Kleinbongard, P., Lauer, T., Merx, M., Heussen, N., Gross, H. B., Keen, C. L., Schroeter, H., and Kelm, M. Sustained benefits in vascular function through flavanol-containing cocoa in medicated diabetic patients a double-masked, randomized, controlled trial. J Am Coll.Cardiol. 6-3-2008;51(22):2141-2149. View abstract.

Bastia, E. and Schwarzschild, M. A. DARPP chocolate: a caffeinated morsel of striatal signaling. Sci.STKE. 1-14-2003;2003(165):E2. View abstract.

Beck, A. M., Damkjaer, K., and Beyer, N. Multifaceted nutritional intervention among nursing-home residents has a positive influence on nutrition and function. Nutrition 2008;24(11-12):1073-1080. View abstract.

Beck, A. M., Damkjaer, K., and Sorbye, L. W. Physical and social functional abilities seem to be maintained by a multifaceted randomized controlled nutritional intervention among old (>65 years) Danish nursing home residents. Arch.Gerontol.Geriatr. 2010;50(3):351-355. View abstract.

Belz, G. G. and Mohr-Kahaly, S. [Cacoa and dark chocolate in cardiovascular prevention?]. Dtsch.Med.Wochenschr. 2011;136(51-52):2657-2663. View abstract.

Benton, D. and Donohoe, R. T. The effects of nutrients on mood. Public Health Nutr 1999;2(3A):403-409. View abstract.

Berry, N. M., Davison, K., Coates, A. M., Buckley, J. D., and Howe, P. R. Impact of cocoa flavanol consumption on blood pressure responsiveness to exercise. Br.J Nutr 2010;103(10):1480-1484. View abstract.

Bhate, K. and Williams, H. C. Epidemiology of acne vulgaris. Br.J Dermatol. 2013;168(3):474-485. View abstract.

Blau, J. N. Migraine triggers: practice and theory. Pathol.Biol (Paris) 1992;40(4):367-372. View abstract.

Bracco, U. Effect of triglyceride structure on fat absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60(6 Suppl):1002S-1009S. View abstract.

Budoff, P. W. The use of prostaglandin inhibitors for the premenstrual syndrome. J Reprod.Med 1983;28(7):469-478. View abstract.

Buitrago-Lopez, A., Sanderson, J., Johnson, L., Warnakula, S., Wood, A., Di, Angelantonio E., and Franco, O. H. Chocolate consumption and cardiometabolic disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2011;343:d4488. View abstract.

Burlingame, B. The food of Near East, North West and Western African regions. Asia Pac.J Clin Nutr 2003;12(3):309-312. View abstract.

Camfield, D. A., Scholey, A., Pipingas, A., Silberstein, R., Kras, M., Nolidin, K., Wesnes, K., Pase, M., and Stough, C. Steady state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) topography changes associated with cocoa flavanol consumption. Physiol Behav. 2-28-2012;105(4):948-957. View abstract.

Castell, D. O., Murray, J. A., Tutuian, R., Orlando, R. C., and Arnold, R. Review article: the pathophysiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease - oesophageal manifestations. Aliment.Pharmacol.Ther. 2004;20 Suppl 9:14-25. View abstract.

Castillejo, G., Bullo, M., Anguera, A., Escribano, J., and Salas-Salvado, J. A controlled, randomized, double-blind trial to evaluate the effect of a supplement of cocoa husk that is rich in dietary fiber on colonic transit in constipated pediatric patients. Pediatrics 2006;118(3):e641-e648. View abstract.

Chan, E. K., Quach, J., Mensah, F. K., Sung, V., Cheung, M., and Wake, M. Dark chocolate for children's blood pressure: randomised trial. Arch.Dis.Child 2012;97(7):637-640. View abstract.

Chan, K. A clinical trial gone awry: the Chocolate Happiness Undergoing More Pleasantness (CHUMP) study. CMAJ. 12-4-2007;177(12):1539-1541. View abstract.

Chapelot, D. and Payen, F. Comparison of the effects of a liquid yogurt and chocolate bars on satiety: a multidimensional approach. Br.J Nutr 2010;103(5):760-767. View abstract.

Chou, T. M. and Benowitz, N. L. Caffeine and coffee: effects on health and cardiovascular disease. Comp Biochem.Physiol C.Pharmacol Toxicol.Endocrinol 1994;109(2):173-189. View abstract.

Cohen, D. L. and Townsend, R. R. Cocoa ingestion and hypertension-another cup please? J Clin Hypertens.(Greenwich.) 2007;9(8):647-648. View abstract.

Cooper, K. A., Donovan, J. L., Waterhouse, A. L., and Williamson, G. Cocoa and health: a decade of research. Br.J Nutr 2008;99(1):1-11. View abstract.

Corder, R. Red wine, chocolate and vascular health: developing the evidence base. Heart 2008;94(7):821-823. View abstract.

Cordova, A. C., Sumpio, B. J., and Sumpio, B. E. Perfecting the plate: adding cardioprotective compounds to the diet. J Am Coll.Surg. 2012;214(1):97-114. View abstract.

Corti, R., Flammer, A. J., Hollenberg, N. K., and Luscher, T. F. Cocoa and cardiovascular health. Circulation 3-17-2009;119(10):1433-1441. View abstract.

Corti, R., Perdrix, J., Flammer, A. J., and Noll, G. [Dark or white chocolate? Cocoa and cardiovascular health]. Rev.Med Suisse 3-10-2010;6(239):499-4. View abstract.

Crews, W. D., Jr., Harrison, D. W., and Wright, J. W. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of the effects of dark chocolate and cocoa on variables associated with neuropsychological functioning and cardiovascular health: clinical findings from a sample of healthy, cognitively intact older adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87(4):872-880. View abstract.

d'El-Rei, J., Cunha, A. R., Burla, A., Burla, M., Oigman, W., Neves, M. F., Virdis, A., and Medeiros, F. Characterisation of hypertensive patients with improved endothelial function after dark chocolate consumption. Int J Hypertens. 2013;2013:985087. View abstract.

Daudon, M. [Epidemiology of nephrolithiasis in France]. Ann.Urol.(Paris) 2005;39(6):209-231. View abstract.

Davison, G., Callister, R., Williamson, G., Cooper, K. A., and Gleeson, M. The effect of acute pre-exercise dark chocolate consumption on plasma antioxidant status, oxidative stress and immunoendocrine responses to prolonged exercise. Eur.J Nutr 2012;51(1):69-79. View abstract.

Davison, K., Berry, N. M., Misan, G., Coates, A. M., Buckley, J. D., and Howe, P. R. Dose-related effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens. 2010;24(9):568-576. View abstract.

Davison, K., Coates, A. M., Buckley, J. D., and Howe, P. R. Effect of cocoa flavanols and exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese subjects. Int J Obes.(Lond) 2008;32(8):1289-1296. View abstract.

De, Gottardi A., Berzigotti, A., Seijo, S., D'Amico, M., Thormann, W., Abraldes, J. G., Garcia-Pagan, J. C., and Bosch, J. Postprandial effects of dark chocolate on portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis: results of a phase 2, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96(3):584-590. View abstract.

De, Vincenzi M., Castriotta, F., De, Ponte R., Dracos, A., Magliola, M., Mattei, R., Stacchini, A., Stacchini, P., and Silano, V. A basis for estimation of consumption: literature values for selected food volatiles. Part I. Food Addit.Contam 1986;3(3):185-224. View abstract.

Decker, E. A. The role of stereospecific saturated fatty acid positions on lipid nutrition. Nutr Rev. 1996;54(4 Pt 1):108-110. View abstract.

Dehkordi, N., Rao, D. R., Warren, A. P., and Chawan, C. B. Lactose malabsorption as influenced by chocolate milk, skim milk, sucrose, whole milk, and lactic cultures. J Am Diet.Assoc 1995;95(4):484-486. View abstract.

Denke, M. A. and Grundy, S. M. Effects of fats high in stearic acid on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in men. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;54(6):1036-1040. View abstract.

Denke, M. A. Effects of cocoa butter on serum lipids in humans: historical highlights. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60(6 Suppl):1014S-1016S. View abstract.

Desch, S., Kobler, D., Schmidt, J., Sonnabend, M., Adams, V., Sareban, M., Eitel, I., Bluher, M., Schuler, G., and Thiele, H. Low vs. higher-dose dark chocolate and blood pressure in cardiovascular high-risk patients. Am J Hypertens. 2010;23(6):694-700. View abstract.

Desch, S., Schmidt, J., Kobler, D., Sonnabend, M., Eitel, I., Sareban, M., Rahimi, K., Schuler, G., and Thiele, H. Effect of cocoa products on blood pressure: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Hypertens. 2010;23(1):97-103. View abstract.

Di Renzo, G. C., Brillo, E., Romanelli, M., Porcaro, G., Capanna, F., Kanninen, T. T., Gerli, S., and Clerici, G. Potential effects of chocolate on human pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. J Matern.Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012;25(10):1860-1867. View abstract.

Di, Castelnuovo A., di, Giuseppe R., Iacoviello, L., and de, Gaetano G. Consumption of cocoa, tea and coffee and risk of cardiovascular disease. Eur.J Intern.Med. 2012;23(1):15-25. View abstract.

di, Tomaso E., Beltramo, M., and Piomelli, D. Brain cannabinoids in chocolate. Nature 8-22-1996;382(6593):677-678. View abstract.

Dreosti, I. E. Antioxidant polyphenols in tea, cocoa, and wine. Nutrition 2000;16(7-8):692-694. View abstract.

Egan, B. M., Laken, M. A., Donovan, J. L., and Woolson, R. F. Does dark chocolate have a role in the prevention and management of hypertension?: commentary on the evidence. Hypertension 2010;55(6):1289-1295. View abstract.

el Sebae, A. H. Special problems experienced with pesticide use in developing countries. Regul.Toxicol.Pharmacol 1993;17(3):287-291. View abstract.

Engler, M. B. and Engler, M. M. The emerging role of flavonoid-rich cocoa and chocolate in cardiovascular health and disease. Nutr Rev. 2006;64(3):109-118. View abstract.

Engler, M. B., Engler, M. M., Chen, C. Y., Malloy, M. J., Browne, A., Chiu, E. Y., Kwak, H. K., Milbury, P., Paul, S. M., Blumberg, J., and Mietus-Snyder, M. L. Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and increases plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy adults. J Am.Coll.Nutr. 2004;23(3):197-204. View abstract.

Erdman, J. W., Jr., Carson, L., Kwik-Uribe, C., Evans, E. M., and Allen, R. R. Effects of cocoa flavanols on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Asia Pac.J Clin Nutr 2008;17 Suppl 1:284-287. View abstract.

Erskine, J. A. Resistance can be futile: investigating behavioural rebound. Appetite 2008;50(2-3):415-421. View abstract.

Eteng, M. U., Eyong, E. U., Akpanyung, E. O., Agiang, M. A., and Aremu, C. Y. Recent advances in caffeine and theobromine toxicities: a review. Plant Foods Hum.Nutr. 1997;51(3):231-243. View abstract.

Evans, R. W., Fergusson, D. M., Allardyce, R. A., and Taylor, B. Maternal diet and infantile colic in breast-fed infants. Lancet 6-20-1981;1(8234):1340-1342. View abstract.

Faridi, Z., Njike, V. Y., Dutta, S., Ali, A., and Katz, D. L. Acute dark chocolate and cocoa ingestion and endothelial function: a randomized controlled crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88(1):58-63. View abstract.

Farouque, H. M., Leung, M., Hope, S. A., Baldi, M., Schechter, C., Cameron, J. D., and Meredith, I. T. Acute and chronic effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on vascular function in subjects with coronary artery disease: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Clin Sci (Lond) 2006;111(1):71-80. View abstract.

Feldens, C. A., Vitolo, M. R., and Drachler, Mde L. A randomized trial of the effectiveness of home visits in preventing early childhood caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2007;35(3):215-223. View abstract.

Ferdowsian, H. R. and Levin, S. Does diet really affect acne? Skin Therapy.Lett. 2010;15(3):1-2, 5. View abstract.

Fernandez-Murga, L., Tarin, J. J., Garcia-Perez, M. A., and Cano, A. The impact of chocolate on cardiovascular health. Maturitas 2011;69(4):312-321. View abstract.

Field, D. T., Williams, C. M., and Butler, L. T. Consumption of cocoa flavanols results in an acute improvement in visual and cognitive functions. Physiol Behav. 6-1-2011;103(3-4):255-260. View abstract.

Field, T., Peck, M., Scd, Hernandez-Reif, M., Krugman, S., Burman, I., and Ozment-Schenck, L. Postburn itching, pain, and psychological symptoms are reduced with massage therapy. J Burn Care Rehabil. 2000;21(3):189-193. View abstract.

Finocchi, C. and Sivori, G. Food as trigger and aggravating factor of migraine. Neurol.Sci. 2012;33 Suppl 1:S77-S80. View abstract.

Fisher, N. D. and Hollenberg, N. K. Flavanols for cardiovascular health: the science behind the sweetness. J Hypertens. 2005;23(8):1453-1459. View abstract.

Fisher, N. D., Hughes, M., Gerhard-Herman, M., and Hollenberg, N. K. Flavanol-rich cocoa induces nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilation in healthy humans. J Hypertens. 2003;21(12):2281-2286. View abstract.

Flammer, A. J., Sudano, I., Wolfrum, M., Thomas, R., Enseleit, F., Periat, D., Kaiser, P., Hirt, A., Hermann, M., Serafini, M., Leveques, A., Luscher, T. F., Ruschitzka, F., Noll, G., and Corti, R. Cardiovascular effects of flavanol-rich chocolate in patients with heart failure. Eur.Heart J 2012;33(17):2172-2180. View abstract.

Flammer, A. J., Sudano, I., Wolfrum, M., Thomas, R., Enseleit, F., Periat, D., Luscher, T. F., Ruschitzka, F. T., Noll, G., and Corti, R. Acute and chronic effects of flavonoid-rich-chocolate on endothelial function in patients with chronic heart failure (abstract). J Hypertens 2010;28(e2)

Flyvholm, M. A., Nielsen, G. D., and Andersen, A. Nickel content of food and estimation of dietary intake. Z.Lebensm.Unters.Forsch. 1984;179(6):427-431. View abstract.

Fogleman, C. D. Effect of cocoa on blood pressure. Am Fam.Physician 4-1-2013;87(7):484. View abstract.

Fraga, C. G., Actis-Goretta, L., Ottaviani, J. I., Carrasquedo, F., Lotito, S. B., Lazarus, S., Schmitz, H. H., and Keen, C. L. Regular consumption of a flavanol-rich chocolate can improve oxidant stress in young soccer players. Clin.Dev.Immunol 2005;12(1):11-17. View abstract.

Francis, S. T., Head, K., Morris, P. G., and Macdonald, I. A. The effect of flavanol-rich cocoa on the fMRI response to a cognitive task in healthy young people. J Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S215-S220. View abstract.

Fuller, C. J. and Jialal, I. Effects of antioxidants and fatty acids on low-density-lipoprotein oxidation. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60(6 Suppl):1010S-1013S. View abstract.

Galleano, M., Oteiza, P. I., and Fraga, C. G. Cocoa, chocolate, and cardiovascular disease. J Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 2009;54(6):483-490. View abstract.

Ghosh, D. and Scheepens, A. Vascular action of polyphenols. Mol.Nutr Food Res 2009;53(3):322-331. View abstract.

Giachini, M. and Pierleoni, F. [Anti-caries vaccines]. Minerva Stomatol. 2002;51(6):251-262. View abstract.

Gibb, C. M., Davies, P. T., Glover, V., Steiner, T. J., Clifford, Rose F., and Sandler, M. Chocolate is a migraine-provoking agent. Cephalalgia 1991;11(2):93-95. View abstract.

Gilbert, R. M. Caffeine consumption. Prog.Clin Biol.Res 1984;158:185-213. View abstract.

Gomez-Juaristi, M., Gonzalez-Torres, L., Bravo, L., Vaquero, M. P., Bastida, S., and Sanchez-Muniz, F. J. [Beneficial effects of chocolate on cardiovascular health]. Nutr Hosp. 2011;26(2):289-292. View abstract.

Grandjean, P. Human exposure to nickel. IARC Sci Publ. 1984;(53):469-485. View abstract.

Grassi, D., Desideri, G., and Ferri, C. Blood pressure and cardiovascular risk: what about cocoa and chocolate? Arch.Biochem.Biophys. 9-1-2010;501(1):112-115. View abstract.

Grassi, D., Desideri, G., Necozione, S., Lippi, C., Casale, R., Properzi, G., Blumberg, J. B., and Ferri, C. Blood pressure is reduced and insulin sensitivity increased in glucose-intolerant, hypertensive subjects after 15 days of consuming high-polyphenol dark chocolate. J Nutr 2008;138(9):1671-1676. View abstract.

Grassi, D., Desideri, G., Necozione, S., Ruggieri, F., Blumberg, J. B., Stornello, M., and Ferri, C. Protective effects of flavanol-rich dark chocolate on endothelial function and wave reflection during acute hyperglycemia. Hypertension 2012;60(3):827-832. View abstract.

Guariso, G., Bertoli, S., Cernetti, R., Battistella, P. A., Setari, M., and Zacchello, F. [Migraine and food intolerance: a controlled study in pediatric patients]. Pediatr Med Chir 1993;15(1):57-61. View abstract.

Haber, S. L. and Gallus, K. Effects of dark chocolate on blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Am J Health Syst.Pharm. 8-1-2012;69(15):1287-3. View abstract.

Hamed, M. S., Gambert, S., Bliden, K. P., Bailon, O., Singla, A., Antonino, M. J., Hamed, F., Tantry, U. S., and Gurbel, P. A. Dark chocolate effect on platelet activity, C-reactive protein and lipid profile: a pilot study. South.Med J 2008;101(12):1203-1208. View abstract.

Harper, A., James, A., Flint, A., and Astrup, A. Increased satiety after intake of a chocolate milk drink compared with a carbonated beverage, but no difference in subsequent ad libitum lunch intake. Br.J Nutr 2007;97(3):579-583. View abstract.

Hayes, K. C. Saturated fats and blood lipids: new slant on an old story. Can.J Cardiol. 1995;11 Suppl G:39G-46G. View abstract.

Heinrich, U., Neukam, K., Tronnier, H., Sies, H., and Stahl, W. Long-term ingestion of high flavanol cocoa provides photoprotection against UV-induced erythema and improves skin condition in women. J Nutr 2006;136(6):1565-1569. View abstract.

Heiss, C., Finis, D., Kleinbongard, P., Hoffmann, A., Rassaf, T., Kelm, M., and Sies, H. Sustained increase in flow-mediated dilation after daily intake of high-flavanol cocoa drink over 1 week. J Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 2007;49(2):74-80. View abstract.

Heiss, C., Jahn, S., Taylor, M., Real, W. M., Angeli, F. S., Wong, M. L., Amabile, N., Prasad, M., Rassaf, T., Ottaviani, J. I., Mihardja, S., Keen, C. L., Springer, M. L., Boyle, A., Grossman, W., Glantz, S. A., Schroeter, H., and Yeghiazarians, Y. Improvement of endothelial function with dietary flavanols is associated with mobilization of circulating angiogenic cells in patients with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll.Cardiol. 7-13-2010;56(3):218-224. View abstract.

Heiss, C., Kleinbongard, P., Dejam, A., Perre, S., Schroeter, H., Sies, H., and Kelm, M. Acute consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa and the reversal of endothelial dysfunction in smokers. J Am Coll.Cardiol. 10-4-2005;46(7):1276-1283. View abstract.

Heiss, C., Schroeter, H., Balzer, J., Kleinbongard, P., Matern, S., Sies, H., and Kelm, M. Endothelial function, nitric oxide, and cocoa flavanols. J Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S128-S135. View abstract.

Heptinstall, S., May, J., Fox, S., Kwik-Uribe, C., and Zhao, L. Cocoa flavanols and platelet and leukocyte function: recent in vitro and ex vivo studies in healthy adults. J Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S197-S205. View abstract.

Hermann, F., Ruschitzka, F., Spieker, L., Sudano, I., Noll, G., and Corti, R. [The sweet secret of dark chocolate]. Ther.Umsch. 2005;62(9):635-637. View abstract.

Hermann, F., Spieker, L. E., Ruschitzka, F., Sudano, I., Hermann, M., Binggeli, C., Luscher, T. F., Riesen, W., Noll, G., and Corti, R. Dark chocolate improves endothelial and platelet function. Heart 2006;92(1):119-120. View abstract.

Hertog MG, Kromhout D, Aravanis C, and et al. Flavonoid intake and long-term risk of coronary heart disease and cancer in the seven countries study. Arch Intern Med 2-27-1995;155(4):381-386. View abstract.

Hinds, T. S., West, W. L., Knight, E. M., and Harland, B. F. The effect of caffeine on pregnancy outcome variables. Nutr Rev. 1996;54(7):203-207. View abstract.

Hodgson, J. M., Devine, A., Burke, V., Dick, I. M., and Prince, R. L. Chocolate consumption and bone density in older women. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87(1):175-180. View abstract.

Hooper, L., Kroon, P. A., Rimm, E. B., Cohn, J. S., Harvey, I., Le Cornu, K. A., Ryder, J. J., Hall, W. L., and Cassidy, A. Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88(1):38-50. View abstract.

Innes, A. J., Kennedy, G., McLaren, M., Bancroft, A. J., and Belch, J. J. Dark chocolate inhibits platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers. Platelets. 2003;14(5):325-327. View abstract.

Jalil, A. M. and Ismail, A. Polyphenols in cocoa and cocoa products: is there a link between antioxidant properties and health? Molecules. 2008;13(9):2190-2219. View abstract.

Jansen, S. C., van, Dusseldorp M., Bottema, K. C., and Dubois, A. E. Intolerance to dietary biogenic amines: a review. Ann.Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003;91(3):233-240. View abstract.

Jenkins, D. J., Kendall, C. W., Vuksan, V., Vidgen, E., Wong, E., Augustin, L. S., and Fulgoni, V., III. Effect of cocoa bran on low-density lipoprotein oxidation and fecal bulking. Arch.Intern.Med 8-14-2000;160(15):2374-2379. View abstract.

Jensen, M. E., Donly, K., and Wefel, J. S. Assessment of the effect of selected snack foods on the remineralization/demineralization of enamel and dentin. J Contemp.Dent Pract 8-15-2000;1(3):1-17. View abstract.

Jia, L., Liu, X., Bai, Y. Y., Li, S. H., Sun, K., He, C., and Hui, R. Short-term effect of cocoa product consumption on lipid profile: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92(1):218-225. View abstract.

Jorgensen, K. Occurrence of ochratoxin A in commodities and processed food--a review of EU occurrence data. Food Addit.Contam 2005;22 Suppl 1:26-30. View abstract.

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Rein, M. J., Renouf, M., Cruz-Hernandez, C., Actis-Goretta, L., Thakkar, S. K., and da Silva, Pinto M. Bioavailability of bioactive food compounds: a challenging journey to bioefficacy. Br.J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;75(3):588-602. View abstract.

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Roura, E., Andres-Lacueva, C., Estruch, R., Lourdes Mata, Bilbao M., Izquierdo-Pulido, M., and Lamuela-Raventos, R. M. The effects of milk as a food matrix for polyphenols on the excretion profile of cocoa (-)-epicatechin metabolites in healthy human subjects. Br.J Nutr 2008;100(4):846-851. View abstract.

Roura, E., Andres-Lacueva, C., Estruch, R., Mata-Bilbao, M. L., Izquierdo-Pulido, M., Waterhouse, A. L., and Lamuela-Raventos, R. M. Milk does not affect the bioavailability of cocoa powder flavonoid in healthy human. Ann.Nutr Metab 2007;51(6):493-498. View abstract.

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